Machine vision systems convert the target to an image signal through image capture devices such as CMOS and CCD, then transmit these signals to a dedicated image processing system. These systems convert the image signals into digital signals based on pixel distribution, brightness, color, and other information. Next, the image system performs various operations on these digital signals to extract the target's features. Finally, based on the results of these feature judgments, the system can control the actions of on-site equipment.

Machine vision is widely applied in industries such as manufacturing, agriculture, medicine, military, and aerospace, primarily for automatic inspection, process control, and robot navigation, enabling precise measurement of product dimensions, defect detection, and shape recognition.